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Home Policy Briefs India's National Water Mission
Policy Brief
India's National Water Mission
April 2010

India is already a water-stressed country and the growing demand for water across all sectors coupled with an increased incidence of droughts, floods and declining groundwater4 are emerging as significant water security challenges. One sixth of the country’s geographical area is drought prone and, on average, floods affect almost 7.5 million hectares of land area per year2.

The National Water Mission - one of the key missions of the National Action Plan on Climate Change, aims at the ‘conservation of water, minimizing wastage and ensuring its more equitable distribution both across and within states through integrated water resources development and management’.

Coordinated by the Ministry of Water Resources, the Mission receives an additional funding requirement of Rs 28, 651 crores (USD 6.14 billion), divided between the Centre and States.

The mission has five goals:
  • Comprehensive water database in public domain and assessment of impact of climate change on water resources - Collect comprehensive data on water resources, develop water resources information system by 2011, make information available in the public domain, assess the impacts of climate change on the country’s water resources by 2012. Scientific data collection includes additional hydrometeorological data, wetland inventory, reassessment of basin-wise water situations, and finally, using this data to predict the impacts
  • Promote citizen and state action for water conservation, augmentation and preservation – includes expeditious implementation of irrigation projects, minor irrigation schemes, groundwater development, mapping flood-affected areas, capacity-building and awareness
  • Focused attention on over-exploited areas – intensive rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge programmes, pursuing enactment of groundwater regulation and management bill
  • Increasing water use efficiency by 20 percent – both on the demand side and the supply side, particularly in the agriculture and commercial sectors. Guidelines for incentivizing recycled water, water neutral and water-positive technologies, improving efficiency of urban water supply systems, benchmark studies for urban water use, water efficiency indices for urban areas, manuals for mandatory water audits in drinking water, irrigation and urban systems , promoting water-efficient techniques including sprinkler and drip irrigation systems
  • Promote basin-level integrated water resources management – basin-level management strategies, review of National Water Policy in order to ensure integrated water resources management, appropriate entitlement and appropriate pricing.  Review of State Water Policy


Mission goals including collecting and reviewing data for an integrated information system have been in the pipeline ever since the National Water Policy (NWP) was revised in 2002. Water being a State subject under the Indian Constitution, the NWP and the policies under the Water Mission will have to address policy and project implementation at the state level.

The mission hopes to revisit the NWP in consultation with States, in order to ensure basin-level management strategies that can deal with changes in rainfall and river flows due to climate change.

End Notes:

  1. National Water Mission revised draft
  2. National Water Policy 2002
  3. Narasimhan T.N. & Gaur V.K.; A framework for India’s Water Policy; National Institute of Advanced Studies. November 2009
  4. Water Resources Development in India: Critical Issues and Strategic Options
  5. Image Source: Google Images; scenic painting tours